Manuscript Reviews Research Articles

Contact Dermatitis Due to Hair Care Products: A Comprehensive Review

Hair cosmetics are in fashion. Numerous products are commonly used in combination. Frequent allergens are present in hair cosmetics, which, with almost daily use, increase the risk of sensitization. Familiarity with the clinical distribution of the eczematous rash is necessary to seriously consider patch testing. Not all the products on the market are haptens. It is necessary to know how to patch your own products. When avoidance of the allergen is not possible, new treatments are evaluated to combat allergic contact dermatitis, mainly of the occupational type. In this manuscript, a complete and practical review of the main allergens and contact sources of hair cosmetic origin has been carried out.

Prior Patellectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Cruciate-Retaining and Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Survivorship and Reported Outcomes

IntroductionIn the setting of total knee arthroplasty, prior patellectomy historically prompted the use of increased constraint implants, specifically posterior-stabilized (PS) designs. However, modern case series have reported similar outcomes utilizing cruciate-retaining (CR) implants. The primary outcome of this study was to compare implant retention rates between these two implant designs in prior patellectomy patients. Secondary outcomes included a comparison of patient-reported outcome scores and cause for revision. MethodsA comprehensive systematic review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Boolean operator search terms included “patellectomy AND (arthroplasty) OR (replacement).” Case reports, review articles, < 2 years of follow-up, and studies in which the implant design could not be ascertained were excluded. An initial screening of titles and abstracts for inclusion was performed, followed by a full manuscript review of eligible articles. Single-data extraction was performed, followed by subsequent statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 9 studies (209 knees) met the inclusion criteria. The average time from patellectomy to TKA was 16.1 years. While all patients had significant improvement in functional outcomes, CR implants displayed proportionally greater improvement in Knee Society Scores compared to PS implants (+108 versus +98%, P = < 0.001). However, there was a significantly greater rate of revision in the CR cohort compared to PS (18.6 versus 2.6%, P = 0.002). ConclusionsPrior patellectomy patients undergoing TKA have significant improvements in patient-reported functional outcomes and high mid-term retention rates. While CR implant designs portend a potentially greater improvement in functional outcomes, they also have a greater risk for revision than their PS implant counterparts. However, contemporary implant designs and operative techniques likely render revision rates equivocal between CR and PS implants in post-patellectomy patients.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 13, No. 1

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: sar@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 13, Number 1 Adewale Ogunmodede, Royal Agricultural University, United Kingdom Chaterina Agusta Paulus, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia Jiban Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Jose Luis Arispe V&amp;aacute;zquez, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Mexico Luciano Chi, Sugar Industry Research and Development Institute, Belize Manuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal Minfeng Tang, Kansas State University, USA Murtazain Raza, Hamdard University, Pakistan Nehemie Tchinda Donfagsiteli, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Cameroon Omnia Mohamed Mohamed Helmy Arief, Benha University, Egypt Patrice Ngatsi Zemko, University of Yaound&amp;eacute; I, Cameroon Ram Niwas, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, India Roberto Jos&amp;eacute; Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigaci&amp;oacute;n Agropecuaria (Uruguay), Uruguay Waqar Majeed, University of Agriculture, Pakistan

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 16, No. 1

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. &amp;nbsp; Reviewers for Volume 16, Number 1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Toros Agri-Industry, Research and Development Center, Turkey Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Chennaiah Ande, University of Georgia, USA Ho Soon Min, INTI International University, Malaysia Hui Tan, Columbia University, USA Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, The University of Jordan, Jordan Mohamed Abass, Ain Shams University, Egypt Mustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, Turkey Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia Rafael Gomes da Silveira, Federal Institute of Education, Brazil Rodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of S&amp;atilde;o Paulo, Brazil Severine Queyroy, Aix-Marseille Universit&amp;eacute;, France Sitaram Acharya, Dallas College, USA Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada Vin&amp;iacute;cius Silva Pinto, Federal Institute of Goi&amp;aacute;s, Brazil Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 14, No. 3

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 14, Number 3Abdul Majeed Hameed Joodi, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, IraqAcep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAndrés Canga , University of La Rioja, SpainAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, JordanBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChristian Jay Olandria Syting, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science &amp; Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJamal Uthman Nogoud, University of Buraimi, OmanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesJunhua Peng, Anshun University/Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaLuqman Rababah, Jadara University, JordanMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMounir Jilani Ben Zid, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMundi Rahayu , Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, IndonesiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaPatsawut Sukserm, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI), ThailandPhyll Jhann Gildore, UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO, PhilippinesRaeesabegam Usmani, NMIMS University, Hyderabad Campus, IndiaRamesh Manickkam, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&amp;D Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. Priya, Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of Science, IndiaS. Sakthivel, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University of Mosul, IraqŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaSohaib Alam, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaWahaj Unnisa Warda, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaYi-Zhen Chang, National Taipei University of Business, TaiwanZijun SHNE, Sichuan University of Media and Communications, China

Navigating Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions

Post-traumatic osteoporosis (PTO) presents a significant challenge in clinical practice, characterized by demineralization and decreased skeletal integrity following severe traumatic injuries. This literature review manuscript addresses the knowledge gaps surrounding PTO, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and future directions. This review emphasizes the complexity of the etiology of PTO, highlighting the dysregulation of biomineralization processes, inflammatory cytokine involvement, hormonal imbalances, glucocorticoid effects, vitamin D deficiency, and disuse osteoporosis. Moreover, it underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for risk mitigation and advocates for improved diagnostic strategies to differentiate PTO from other musculoskeletal pathologies. This manuscript discusses various treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical rehabilitation, while also acknowledging the limited evidence on their long-term effectiveness and outcomes in PTO patients. Future directions in research are outlined, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PTO and the evaluation of treatment strategies’ efficacy. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of PTO and highlights avenues for future investigation to enhance clinical management and patient outcomes.

Nanogels as Drug Delivery Carrier: A Narrative Review on Formulation Techniques, Characterization, Applications, and Patents.

Under the umbrella of targeted drug delivery systems, several techniques are unleashed in the market that allow a drug or other pharmacologically active material to be delivered to the target cell to treat a condition or health problem. The improvement of the pharmaceutical delivery systems' effectiveness, safety, and stability is accomplished through the Formulation of the nano-gel-based delivery system. Nanogels are aqueous dispersions of submicronsized, three-dimensional, strongly cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers that are inflated by water. Through a variety of delivery routes, such as oral, pulmonary, nasal, parenteral, and intraocular, an active pharmaceutical agent or therapeutic agent with a high or low molecular weight can be easily encapsulated into nanogels. Nanogels have been researched as drug delivery systems due to their beneficial qualities, such as biocompatibility, high stability, flexible particle size, drug loading capacity, and potential surface modification for active targeting by attaching ligands that recognize cognate receptors on target cells or tissues. By responding to internal or external stimuli, including pH, temperature, light, and redox, nano gels can be made to be stimulus-responsive, allowing for regulated drug release. Thus, in the fact of said characteristics' of nano gels, this review manuscript aims to provide an overview of characterization, evaluation, formulation technique, recent applications, and patents of nano gels.

Understanding Acute Pancreatitis in End-Stage Renal Disease: Unraveling etiologies, clinical presentations, management strategies, and complications: a narrative review

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with defined diagnostic criteria, radiological findings, and management guidelines. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk of developing AP. The diagnosis of AP in ESRD is challenging, and the clinical presentation may mimic other pathologies. Moreover, the impact of AP on the overall morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients warrants a tailored therapeutic approach. We conducted a literature search for published manuscripts on AP and ESRD up to November 2023 in several databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed, and employed the following search terms: “acute pancreatitis”, “pancreatitis”, “end-stage renal disease”, “hemodialysis”, “peritoneal dialysis”, “diagnostic criteria”, “etiology”, “presentation”, “management”, “complication”, “prognosis”, “mortality”. Qualitative and quantitative data were both extracted. This manuscript reviews current evidence-based literature about the etiology and clinical presentation of AP in ESRD. It sheds the light on the current clinical studies that reflect beneficial management strategies as well as complications of AP in ESRD. Patients with ESRD are more likely to develop AP and subsequently severe pancreatitis with high mortality rates compared to the general population. The etiology of AP in ESRD is multifactorial and management is focused on pain control, early nutritional support and most importantly maintaining a fluid balance. While existing research has shed light on certain aspects of AP in ESRD, additional literature focused on this topic is required to foster a deeper and broader understanding of AP in ESRD.

Psoriasis and Molecular Target Therapies: Evidence of Efficacy in Preventing Cardiovascular Comorbidities.

Psoriasis is now considered a systemic disease, and several comorbidities have been described such as cardiovascular diseases, neurologic and psychiatric disorders, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis, etc. Regarding cardiovascular comorbidities, major adverse cardiovascular events have been reported in psoriasis patients by multiple epidemiologic studies. Moreover, smoking, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and reduced physical activity are associated with psoriasis, increasing cardiovascular risk. Consequently, several aspects should be considered when making the treatment decision. The aim of this review manuscript was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of biologic drugs acting on molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis in preventing cardiovascular complications.

The fate and role of the pericytes in myocardial diseases.

The adult mammalian heart contains a large population of pericytes that play important roles in homeostasis and disease. In the normal heart, pericytes regulate microvascular permeability and flow. Myocardial diseases are associated with marked alterations in pericyte phenotype and function. This review manuscript discusses the role of pericytes in cardiac homeostasis and disease. Following myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac pericytes participate in all phases of cardiac repair. During the inflammatory phase, pericytes may secrete cytokines and chemokines and may regulate leukocyte trafficking, through formation of intercellular gaps that serve as exit points for inflammatory cells. Moreover, pericyte contraction induces microvascular constriction, contributing to the pathogenesis of 'no-reflow' in ischemia and reperfusion. During the proliferative phase, pericytes are activated by growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and contribute to fibrosis, predominantly through secretion of fibrogenic mediators. A fraction of pericytes acquires fibroblast identity but contributes only to a small percentage of infarct fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. As the scar matures, pericytes form a coat around infarct neovessels, promoting stabilization of the vasculature. Pericytes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure, by regulating inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion. Pericytes are also important targets of viral infections (such as SARS-CoV2) and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications of COVID19. Considering their role in myocardial inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, pericytes may be promising therapeutic targets in myocardial disease.

An Empirical Study of Goal Intentions and Monetary Compensation for Reviewers in Information Science

In this paper, we study manuscript reviewers in terms of their goal intentions, effort level, and monetary compensation. Building upon our previous paper, “How to motivate a reviewer with a present bias to work harder”, we explore further nuances in reviewer motivations and behaviors. With this aim, we surveyed corresponding authors who have published in four Information Science journals about their role as reviewers. Based on the survey responses (a sample size of 193 reviewers), we analyzed what their goal intentions are with respect to manuscript evaluation, and whether it is possible to better motivate them to choose higher evaluation goals. We also studied whether a reviewer with a present bias is more likely to choose a higher goal regarding the manuscript evaluation if they are sufficiently compensated. We found that “Quality control” is the most likely goal intention regarding the evaluation of a difficult manuscript, while “Networking opportunities” is the least likely one. We also found that in a competitive deadline scenario, at least a quarter of the respondents seemed to overvalue immediate rewards over future benefits and intentions. However, 42,5% of the survey respondents were more likely to accept higher evaluation goals if they received some monetary compensation. Furthermore, we found that reviewers with an overly strong present bias will need a monetary incentive to write a review report for a difficult manuscript in a competitive deadline scenario, with “Quality control” as their evaluation goal.

Thoughts on Effective and Efficient Manuscript Reviews

No abstract available.

Critical Friendships for Manuscript Review

Requesting manuscript feedback from a friend or colleague plays an important role in preparing a manuscript for journal submission. Writers benefit from honest feedback to identify strengths and weaknesses of a manuscript. A critical friend balances the roles of critic and friend enabling the writer to view their manuscript from a different perspective. This article reviews the critical friend literature related to providing manuscript feedback. Suggestions for selecting a critical friend, developing a writing feedback group, and how to provide quality feedback are discussed. Benefits and challenges exist when developing critical friendships for manuscript review.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2Aurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesDorela Kacauni, “Fan S. Noli” University, Korҫa, AlbaniaFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyKun Yu, Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaMd. Nasir Uddin, Prime Minister’s Office, BangladeshSana Ali, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, PakistanYuhan WANG, Guangdong University of Technology, China      James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaAnoma Samanthi Perera, Australian College of Business and Technology, Sri LankaAshraf Elsafty, Eslsca University, EgyptChosang Tendhar, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USAChris Mutseekwa, Bindura University of Science Education, ZimbabweEbrahim Mohammadpour, Farhangian University , IranEhab Gouda Tolba, Dr_ehabtolba@hotmail.com, EgyptFathia Lahwal, Elmergib University, LibyaHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptHossein Chaharbashloo, Kharazmi University, IranJacinthe Rihan, Ain Shams University, EgyptJane Liang, California Department of Education, USAJingwu Yao, Business School of Yulin Normal University, ChinaJoel Maligaya Cuadra, NU Laguna, PhilippinesJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAJulio Cesar André, Center for Studies and Development of Health Education-CEDES, BrazilKatya De Giovanni, University of Malta, MaltaKendall Hartley, University of Nevada, USALinda J. Rappel, Yorkville University/University of Calgary, CanadaMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMichael Baron, University of Melbourne, AustraliaNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniSenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyShanita L. Pettaway, University of South Alabama, USASijia Liu, South China Normal University, ChinaStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceRobert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail: jets@redfame.comURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Reviewers for 2023

Reviewers of manuscripts for our journal contribute immensely to the standard and quality of the papers we publish. The Ghana Medical Journal is grateful for the voluntary service provided by the following reviewers for the year 2023.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 1 Alexandru Ioan Apahidean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaAnca-Luiza Stanila, National Research Institute for Soil Science, RomaniaAndré Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco-UFAPE, BrazilAngel Ramon Sanchez Delgado, Universidade federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilEric Krawczyk, University of Michigan, USAEric Owusu Danquah, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaJorge A. López, State University of Amapá, BrazilMaría Francisca Perera, ITANOA, EEAOC-CONICET, ArgentinaRaul Pașcalău, Banat's University, RomaniaSybelle Mesquita Silva, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, BrazilToncho Gospodinov Penev, Trakia University, Bulgaria  Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Email 1: jas@macrothink.orgEmail 2: jas@macrothink.comURL: http://jas.macrothink.org

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Contemporary Education, Vol. 7, No. 1

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1 Aurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaClaire Goode, Otago Polytechnic at Te Pūkenga, New ZealandDina Radeljas, Mohawk Valley Community College, USAEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFederica Cornali, University of Turin, ItalyGiuseppe Maugeri, University of Urbino, ItalyInaad M Sayer, University of Human Development, IraqIvan Lenard, Elementary School Ladimirevci, CroatiaMatthew Schatt, University of Florida, USAVassiliki Pliogou, University of Western Macedonia, Greece William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: ijce@redfame.comE-mail 2: ijce@redfame.orgURL: http://ijce.redfame.com

Pacing and Defibrillation Consideration in the Era of Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement.

Tricuspid regurgitation is a commonly encountered valvular pathology in patients with trans-tricuspid pacing or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads. Transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions are increasingly performed in patients at high surgical risk. Implantation of these valves can lead to the "jailing" of a trans-tricuspid lead. This practice carries both short- and long-term risks of lead failure and subsequent infection without the ability to perform traditional transvenous lead extraction. Herein, this manuscript reviews available therapeutic options for lead management in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions. The decision to jail a lead may be appropriate in certain high-risk cases, though extraction may be a better option in most cases given the variety of options for re-implant, including leadless pacemakers, valve-sparing systems, epicardial leads, leads placed directly through prosthetic valves, and the completely subcutaneous implantable-defibrillator. A growing number of patients meet the requirement for CIED implantation in the United States. A significant proportion of these patients will have tricuspid valve dysfunction, either related to or independent of their transvenous lead. As with any percutaneous intervention that has shown efficacy, the role of TTVI is also likely to increase as this therapy advances beyond the investigational phase. As such, the role of the heart team in the management of these patients will be increasingly critical in the years to come, and in those patients that have pre-existing CIED leads, we advocate for the involvement of an electrophysiologist in the heart team.

Alveolar-capillary endocytosis and trafficking in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality but lacks specific therapeutic options. Diverse endocytic processes play a key role in all phases of acute lung injury (ALI), including the initial insult, development of respiratory failure due to alveolar flooding, as a consequence of altered alveolar-capillary barrier function, as well as in the resolution or deleterious remodeling after injury. In particular, clathrin-, caveolae-, endophilin- and glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein-mediated endocytosis, as well as, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis have been implicated in the setting of acute lung damage. This manuscript reviews our current understanding of these endocytic pathways and subsequent intracellular trafficking in various phases of ALI, and also aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for patients with ARDS.